added more chapters

Documentation/UserManual/manual.tex

@@ -253,8 +253,77 @@ The window menu allows hiding not needed toolbars and docks. It also contains so
 \section{Operating Modes}
 \subsection{Vector Network Analyzer}
 In this operating mode, the \vna{} takes S-parameter measurements. A source signal is generated and alternately applied to the RF ports. The incoming signal at both RF ports is measured, resulting in the four S-parameters S11 and S21 (when the source signal is routed to port 1) as well as S12 and S22 (when it is routed to port 2).
+
+\subsubsection{Sweep Toolbar}
+This toolbar sets the swept frequency range.
+\begin{center}
+\includegraphics[height=0.7cm]{ToolbarSweep.png}
+\end{center}
+The start/stop and center frequency as well as the span can be set directly. To set a frequency type in the number followed by an SI prefix (e.g. to set \SI{3.2}{\giga\hertz} press \keys{3},\keys{.},\keys{2},\keys{\shift+G}). This works for all number inputs throughout the application.
+
+Additionally, the sweep toolbar contains buttons for zooming in/out around the center frequency and a preset to set the sweep to the full frequency range.
+\subsubsection{Acquisition Toolbar}
+\begin{center}
+\includegraphics[height=0.7cm]{ToolbarVNAAcquisition.png}
+\end{center}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \textbf{Level:} The amount of power used for stimulus generation. The dynamic range decreases when using smaller values. It is recommended to use the highest available settings when measuring passive networks. When measuring active devices (e.g. amplifiers), decrease the stimulus power in such a way that the input power into any port does not rise above \SI{-10}{\dBm} to stay within the linear range of the \vna.
+\item \textbf{Points:} Amount of measurement points in one sweep. More points provide finer frequency resolution but also increase sweep time.
+\item \textbf{IF BW:} Bandwidth of final IF measurement. Low bandwidths increase the sweep time but improve the noisefloor. At higher frequencies (roughly above \SI{3}{\giga\hertz}), the dynamic range is limited by the isolation between the ports and decreasing the IF bandwidth does not improve the noisefloor anymore.
+\end{itemize}
+\subsubsection{Calibration Toolbar/Menu}
+\begin{center}
+\includegraphics[height=0.7cm]{ToolbarCalibration.png}
+\end{center}
+To perform a calibration select the desired calibration type and enable the checkbox. If the necessary measurements have already been made, the calibration will be applied immediately, otherwise the calibration data dialog (see~\ref{caldatadialog}) will open and ask for the missing measurements. After these measurements have been taken the calibration can be applied.
+
+\subsubsection{Calibration Data Dialog and Calibration Workflow}
+\label{caldatadialog}
+Calibration measurements are handled through the Calibration Data Dialog: (\menu[,]{Calibration,Calibration Data})
+\begin{center}
+\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{CalibrationDataDialog.png}
+\end{center}
+To take a calibration measurement select the corresponding line in the table, setup the device ports as described under prerequisites and press \keys{Measure}. Likewise, a measurement can be removed by selecting it and pressing \keys{Delete}.
+
+The calibration data can also be stored/loaded by using \keys{Open} and \keys{Save}. If the calibration should be automatically applied when connecting the device, save the calibration first and then select \menu[,]{Device,Default Calibration,Assign...}.
+
+\subsubsection{Calibration Kit Dialog}
+The calibration kit dialog allows to take imperfections of the calibration standards into account. It can be reached via \menu[,]{Calibration,Edit Calibration Kit}.
+\begin{center}
+\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{CalibrationKitDialog.png}
+\end{center}
+Each calibration standard can either be defined through its coefficients or by measured data from a Touchstone file. The calibration kit data is stored together with the calibration data when saving it in the Calibration Data Dialog.
 \subsection{Signal Generator}
+In the signal generator mode, measurements are stopped and the \vna{} only outputs a CW signal.
+\begin{center}
+\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{Signalgenerator.png}
+\end{center}
+The hardware is not optimized for signal generation which means that the output level is not very accurate, especially at higher frequencies. Also, the signal will contain higher levels of harmonics than one would normally expect from a signal generator.
 \subsection{Spectrum Analyzer}
+Although the \vna{} hardware is not designed to be used as a spectrum analyzer, the general hardware architecture of a spectrum analyzer is similar enough to that of a VNA to implement basic two-channel spectrum measurements. This is in no way on the same performance level as a dedicated spectrum analyzer but for simple measurements it might suffice if no other equipment is available. The main differences to a real spectrum analyzer are:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \textbf{No input attenuator or pre-amplifier:} This means that the measurement range is essentially fixed to approximately \SI{-110}{\dBm} to \SI{-10}{\dBm}.
+\item \textbf{No amplitude calibration:} The displayed signal level is not very accurate, especially at higher frequencies.
+\item \textbf{No image rejection filters:} This is probably the most severe limitation, because it means that for every real signal several other signals will show up in the spectrum that are not actually present at the input.
+\item \textbf{Highest resolution bandwidth is quite low:} The sweep speed is too slow to cover the complete frequency range of \SI{1}{\mega\hertz} to \SI{6}{\giga\hertz} in an acceptable time.
+\end{itemize}
+
+The control elements are mostly identical to the vector network analyzer mode, apart from the acquisition toolbar:
+\begin{center}
+\includegraphics[height=0.7cm]{ToolbarSAAcquisition.png}
+\end{center}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \textbf{RBW:} Resolution bandwidth. Lower values allow differentiating between signals at closer frequencies. Lower values also result in a reduced noisefloor but significantly increase sweep time.
+\item \textbf{Window:} Window type used in the DFT of the final IF. Can be left at "Kaiser" for almost all applications.
+\item \textbf{Detector:} For every point displayed, several measurements are taken. The detector type determines which one of these measurement will be displayed.
+\item \textbf{Signal ID:} Signal identification. This can help to determine whether a displayed signal is actually present or the result from internal imaging. When enabled, the \vna{} changes the LO frequencies for every measurement point and observes how the final IF signal is affected by that. This removes almost all of the mirror images but at the cost of increased sweep time.
+
+The following example shows the effect of signal ID. For both measurements the only signal at the input was a \SI{1}{\giga\hertz} tone with a level of \SI{-10}{\dBm}. On the left, signal ID is turned off, resulting in a lot of extra tones. On the right, signal ID has removed most of these tones:
+\begin{center}
+\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{SASignalIDOff.png}
+\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{SASignalIDOn.png}
+\end{center}
+\end{itemize}
 
 \section{Troubleshooting}
 \label{troubleshooting}