nextpnr/common/place_common.cc

/*
 *  nextpnr -- Next Generation Place and Route
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2018  David Shah <david@symbioticeda.com>
 *
 *  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
 *  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 *  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
 *
 *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
 *  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 *  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
 *  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
 *  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
 *  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
 *  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 *
 */

#include "place_common.h"
#include <cmath>
#include "log.h"
#include "util.h"

NEXTPNR_NAMESPACE_BEGIN

// Get the total estimated wirelength for a net
wirelen_t get_net_metric(const Context *ctx, const NetInfo *net, MetricType type, float &tns)
{
    wirelen_t wirelength = 0;
    CellInfo *driver_cell = net->driver.cell;
    if (!driver_cell)
        return 0;
    if (driver_cell->bel == BelId())
        return 0;
    bool driver_gb = ctx->getBelGlobalBuf(driver_cell->bel);
    if (driver_gb)
        return 0;
    IdString clock_port;
    bool timing_driven = ctx->timing_driven && type == MetricType::COST && ctx->getPortTimingClass(driver_cell, net->driver.port, clock_port) != TMG_IGNORE;
    delay_t negative_slack = 0;
    delay_t worst_slack = std::numeric_limits<delay_t>::max();
    Loc driver_loc = ctx->getBelLocation(driver_cell->bel);
    int xmin = driver_loc.x, xmax = driver_loc.x, ymin = driver_loc.y, ymax = driver_loc.y;
    for (auto load : net->users) {
        if (load.cell == nullptr)
            continue;
        CellInfo *load_cell = load.cell;
        if (load_cell->bel == BelId())
            continue;
        if (timing_driven) {
            delay_t net_delay = ctx->predictDelay(net, load);
            auto slack = load.budget - net_delay;
            if (slack < 0)
                negative_slack += slack;
            worst_slack = std::min(slack, worst_slack);
        }

        if (ctx->getBelGlobalBuf(load_cell->bel))
            continue;
        Loc load_loc = ctx->getBelLocation(load_cell->bel);

        xmin = std::min(xmin, load_loc.x);
        ymin = std::min(ymin, load_loc.y);
        xmax = std::max(xmax, load_loc.x);
        ymax = std::max(ymax, load_loc.y);
    }
    if (timing_driven) {
        wirelength = wirelen_t(
                (((ymax - ymin) + (xmax - xmin)) * std::min(5.0, (1.0 + std::exp(-ctx->getDelayNS(worst_slack) / 5)))));
    } else {
        wirelength = wirelen_t((ymax - ymin) + (xmax - xmin));
    }

    tns += ctx->getDelayNS(negative_slack);
    return wirelength;
}

// Get the total wirelength for a cell
wirelen_t get_cell_metric(const Context *ctx, const CellInfo *cell, MetricType type)
{
    std::set<IdString> nets;
    for (auto p : cell->ports) {
        if (p.second.net)
            nets.insert(p.second.net->name);
    }
    wirelen_t wirelength = 0;
    float tns = 0;
    for (auto n : nets) {
        wirelength += get_net_metric(ctx, ctx->nets.at(n).get(), type, tns);
    }
    return wirelength;
}

wirelen_t get_cell_metric_at_bel(const Context *ctx, CellInfo *cell, BelId bel, MetricType type)
{
    BelId oldBel = cell->bel;
    cell->bel = bel;
    wirelen_t wirelen = get_cell_metric(ctx, cell, type);
    cell->bel = oldBel;
    return wirelen;
}

// Placing a single cell
bool place_single_cell(Context *ctx, CellInfo *cell, bool require_legality)
{
    bool all_placed = false;
    int iters = 25;
    while (!all_placed) {
        BelId best_bel = BelId();
        wirelen_t best_wirelen = std::numeric_limits<wirelen_t>::max(),
                  best_ripup_wirelen = std::numeric_limits<wirelen_t>::max();
        CellInfo *ripup_target = nullptr;
        BelId ripup_bel = BelId();
        if (cell->bel != BelId()) {
            ctx->unbindBel(cell->bel);
        }
        IdString targetType = cell->type;
        for (auto bel : ctx->getBels()) {
            if (ctx->getBelType(bel) == targetType && (!require_legality || ctx->isValidBelForCell(cell, bel))) {
                if (ctx->checkBelAvail(bel)) {
                    wirelen_t wirelen = get_cell_metric_at_bel(ctx, cell, bel, MetricType::COST);
                    if (iters >= 4)
                        wirelen += ctx->rng(25);
                    if (wirelen <= best_wirelen) {
                        best_wirelen = wirelen;
                        best_bel = bel;
                    }
                } else {
                    wirelen_t wirelen = get_cell_metric_at_bel(ctx, cell, bel, MetricType::COST);
                    if (iters >= 4)
                        wirelen += ctx->rng(25);
                    if (wirelen <= best_ripup_wirelen) {
                        CellInfo *curr_cell = ctx->getBoundBelCell(bel);
                        if (curr_cell->belStrength < STRENGTH_STRONG) {
                            best_ripup_wirelen = wirelen;
                            ripup_bel = bel;
                            ripup_target = curr_cell;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if (best_bel == BelId()) {
            if (iters == 0) {
                log_error("failed to place cell '%s' of type '%s' (ripup iteration limit exceeded)\n",
                          cell->name.c_str(ctx), cell->type.c_str(ctx));
            }
            if (ripup_bel == BelId()) {
                log_error("failed to place cell '%s' of type '%s'\n", cell->name.c_str(ctx), cell->type.c_str(ctx));
            }
            --iters;
            ctx->unbindBel(ripup_target->bel);
            best_bel = ripup_bel;
        } else {
            all_placed = true;
        }
        if (ctx->verbose)
            log_info("   placed single cell '%s' at '%s'\n", cell->name.c_str(ctx),
                     ctx->getBelName(best_bel).c_str(ctx));
        ctx->bindBel(best_bel, cell, STRENGTH_WEAK);

        cell = ripup_target;
    }
    return true;
}

class ConstraintLegaliseWorker
{
  private:
    Context *ctx;
    std::set<IdString> rippedCells;
    std::unordered_map<IdString, Loc> oldLocations;
    class IncreasingDiameterSearch
    {
      public:
        IncreasingDiameterSearch() : start(0), min(0), max(-1){};
        IncreasingDiameterSearch(int x) : start(x), min(x), max(x){};
        IncreasingDiameterSearch(int start, int min, int max) : start(start), min(min), max(max){};
        bool done() const { return (diameter > (max - min)); };
        int get() const
        {
            int val = start + sign * diameter;
            val = std::max(val, min);
            val = std::min(val, max);
            return val;
        }

        void next()
        {
            if (sign == 0) {
                sign = 1;
                diameter = 1;
            } else if (sign == -1) {
                sign = 1;
                if ((start + sign * diameter) > max)
                    sign = -1;
                ++diameter;
            } else {
                sign = -1;
                if ((start + sign * diameter) < min) {
                    sign = 1;
                    ++diameter;
                }
            }
        }

        void reset()
        {
            sign = 0;
            diameter = 0;
        }

      private:
        int start, min, max;
        int diameter = 0;
        int sign = 0;
    };

    typedef std::unordered_map<IdString, Loc> CellLocations;

    // Check if a location would be suitable for a cell and all its constrained children
    // This also makes a crude attempt to "solve" unconstrained constraints, that is slow and horrible
    // and will need to be reworked if mixed constrained/unconstrained chains become common
    bool valid_loc_for(const CellInfo *cell, Loc loc, CellLocations &solution, std::unordered_set<Loc> &usedLocations)
    {
        BelId locBel = ctx->getBelByLocation(loc);
        if (locBel == BelId()) {
            return false;
        }
        if (ctx->getBelType(locBel) != cell->type) {
            return false;
        }
        if (!ctx->checkBelAvail(locBel)) {
            CellInfo *confCell = ctx->getConflictingBelCell(locBel);
            if (confCell->belStrength >= STRENGTH_STRONG) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        // Don't place at tiles where any strongly bound Bels exist, as we might need to rip them up later
        for (auto tilebel : ctx->getBelsByTile(loc.x, loc.y)) {
            CellInfo *tcell = ctx->getBoundBelCell(tilebel);
            if (tcell && tcell->belStrength >= STRENGTH_STRONG)
                return false;
        }
        usedLocations.insert(loc);
        for (auto child : cell->constr_children) {
            IncreasingDiameterSearch xSearch, ySearch, zSearch;
            if (child->constr_x == child->UNCONSTR) {
                xSearch = IncreasingDiameterSearch(loc.x, 0, ctx->getGridDimX() - 1);
            } else {
                xSearch = IncreasingDiameterSearch(loc.x + child->constr_x);
            }
            if (child->constr_y == child->UNCONSTR) {
                ySearch = IncreasingDiameterSearch(loc.y, 0, ctx->getGridDimY() - 1);
            } else {
                ySearch = IncreasingDiameterSearch(loc.y + child->constr_y);
            }
            if (child->constr_z == child->UNCONSTR) {
                zSearch = IncreasingDiameterSearch(loc.z, 0, ctx->getTileBelDimZ(loc.x, loc.y));
            } else {
                if (child->constr_abs_z) {
                    zSearch = IncreasingDiameterSearch(child->constr_z);
                } else {
                    zSearch = IncreasingDiameterSearch(loc.z + child->constr_z);
                }
            }
            bool success = false;
            while (!xSearch.done()) {
                Loc cloc;
                cloc.x = xSearch.get();
                cloc.y = ySearch.get();
                cloc.z = zSearch.get();

                zSearch.next();
                if (zSearch.done()) {
                    zSearch.reset();
                    ySearch.next();
                    if (ySearch.done()) {
                        ySearch.reset();
                        xSearch.next();
                    }
                }

                if (usedLocations.count(cloc))
                    continue;
                if (valid_loc_for(child, cloc, solution, usedLocations)) {
                    success = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (!success) {
                usedLocations.erase(loc);
                return false;
            }
        }
        if (solution.count(cell->name))
            usedLocations.erase(solution.at(cell->name));
        solution[cell->name] = loc;
        return true;
    }

    // Set the strength to locked on all cells in chain
    void lockdown_chain(CellInfo *root)
    {
        root->belStrength = STRENGTH_LOCKED;
        for (auto child : root->constr_children)
            lockdown_chain(child);
    }

    // Legalise placement constraints on a cell
    bool legalise_cell(CellInfo *cell)
    {
        if (cell->constr_parent != nullptr)
            return true; // Only process chain roots
        if (constraints_satisfied(cell)) {
            if (cell->constr_children.size() > 0 || cell->constr_x != cell->UNCONSTR ||
                cell->constr_y != cell->UNCONSTR || cell->constr_z != cell->UNCONSTR)
                lockdown_chain(cell);
        } else {
            IncreasingDiameterSearch xRootSearch, yRootSearch, zRootSearch;
            Loc currentLoc;
            if (cell->bel != BelId())
                currentLoc = ctx->getBelLocation(cell->bel);
            else
                currentLoc = oldLocations[cell->name];
            if (cell->constr_x == cell->UNCONSTR)
                xRootSearch = IncreasingDiameterSearch(currentLoc.x, 0, ctx->getGridDimX() - 1);
            else
                xRootSearch = IncreasingDiameterSearch(cell->constr_x);

            if (cell->constr_y == cell->UNCONSTR)
                yRootSearch = IncreasingDiameterSearch(currentLoc.y, 0, ctx->getGridDimY() - 1);
            else
                yRootSearch = IncreasingDiameterSearch(cell->constr_y);

            if (cell->constr_z == cell->UNCONSTR)
                zRootSearch =
                        IncreasingDiameterSearch(currentLoc.z, 0, ctx->getTileBelDimZ(currentLoc.x, currentLoc.y));
            else
                zRootSearch = IncreasingDiameterSearch(cell->constr_z);
            while (!xRootSearch.done()) {
                Loc rootLoc;

                rootLoc.x = xRootSearch.get();
                rootLoc.y = yRootSearch.get();
                rootLoc.z = zRootSearch.get();
                zRootSearch.next();
                if (zRootSearch.done()) {
                    zRootSearch.reset();
                    yRootSearch.next();
                    if (yRootSearch.done()) {
                        yRootSearch.reset();
                        xRootSearch.next();
                    }
                }

                CellLocations solution;
                std::unordered_set<Loc> used;
                if (valid_loc_for(cell, rootLoc, solution, used)) {
                    for (auto cp : solution) {
                        // First unbind all cells
                        if (ctx->cells.at(cp.first)->bel != BelId())
                            ctx->unbindBel(ctx->cells.at(cp.first)->bel);
                    }
                    for (auto cp : solution) {
                        if (ctx->verbose)
                            log_info("     placing '%s' at (%d, %d, %d)\n", cp.first.c_str(ctx), cp.second.x,
                                     cp.second.y, cp.second.z);
                        BelId target = ctx->getBelByLocation(cp.second);
                        if (!ctx->checkBelAvail(target)) {
                            CellInfo *confl_cell = ctx->getConflictingBelCell(target);
                            if (confl_cell != nullptr) {
                                if (ctx->verbose)
                                    log_info("       '%s' already placed at '%s'\n", ctx->nameOf(confl_cell),
                                             ctx->getBelName(confl_cell->bel).c_str(ctx));
                                NPNR_ASSERT(confl_cell->belStrength < STRENGTH_STRONG);
                                ctx->unbindBel(target);
                                rippedCells.insert(confl_cell->name);
                            }
                        }
                        ctx->bindBel(target, ctx->cells.at(cp.first).get(), STRENGTH_LOCKED);
                        rippedCells.erase(cp.first);
                    }
                    for (auto cp : solution) {
                        for (auto bel : ctx->getBelsByTile(cp.second.x, cp.second.y)) {
                            CellInfo *belCell = ctx->getBoundBelCell(bel);
                            if (belCell != nullptr && !solution.count(belCell->name)) {
                                if (!ctx->isValidBelForCell(belCell, bel)) {
                                    NPNR_ASSERT(belCell->belStrength < STRENGTH_STRONG);
                                    ctx->unbindBel(bel);
                                    rippedCells.insert(belCell->name);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    NPNR_ASSERT(constraints_satisfied(cell));
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    // Check if constraints are currently satisfied on a cell and its children
    bool constraints_satisfied(const CellInfo *cell) { return get_constraints_distance(ctx, cell) == 0; }

  public:
    ConstraintLegaliseWorker(Context *ctx) : ctx(ctx){};

    void print_chain(CellInfo *cell, int depth = 0)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < depth; i++)
            log("    ");
        log("'%s'   (", cell->name.c_str(ctx));
        if (cell->constr_x != cell->UNCONSTR)
            log("%d, ", cell->constr_x);
        else
            log("*, ");
        if (cell->constr_y != cell->UNCONSTR)
            log("%d, ", cell->constr_y);
        else
            log("*, ");
        if (cell->constr_z != cell->UNCONSTR)
            log("%d", cell->constr_z);
        else
            log("*");
        log(")\n");
        for (auto child : cell->constr_children)
            print_chain(child, depth + 1);
    }

    void print_stats(const char *point)
    {
        float distance_sum = 0;
        float max_distance = 0;
        int moved_cells = 0;
        int unplaced_cells = 0;
        for (auto orig : oldLocations) {
            if (ctx->cells.at(orig.first)->bel == BelId()) {
                unplaced_cells++;
                continue;
            }
            Loc newLoc = ctx->getBelLocation(ctx->cells.at(orig.first)->bel);
            if (newLoc != orig.second) {
                float distance = std::sqrt(std::pow(newLoc.x - orig.second.x, 2) + pow(newLoc.y - orig.second.y, 2));
                moved_cells++;
                distance_sum += distance;
                if (distance > max_distance)
                    max_distance = distance;
            }
        }
        log_info("    moved %d cells, %d unplaced (after %s)\n", moved_cells, unplaced_cells, point);
        if (moved_cells > 0) {
            log_info("       average distance %f\n", (distance_sum / moved_cells));
            log_info("       maximum distance %f\n", max_distance);
        }
    }

    bool legalise_constraints()
    {
        log_info("Legalising relative constraints...\n");
        for (auto cell : sorted(ctx->cells)) {
            oldLocations[cell.first] = ctx->getBelLocation(cell.second->bel);
        }
        for (auto cell : sorted(ctx->cells)) {
            bool res = legalise_cell(cell.second);
            if (!res) {
                if (ctx->verbose)
                    print_chain(cell.second);
                log_error("failed to place chain starting at cell '%s'\n", cell.first.c_str(ctx));
                return false;
            }
        }
        print_stats("after legalising chains");
        for (auto rippedCell : rippedCells) {
            bool res = place_single_cell(ctx, ctx->cells.at(rippedCell).get(), true);
            if (!res) {
                log_error("failed to place cell '%s' after relative constraint legalisation\n", rippedCell.c_str(ctx));
                return false;
            }
        }
        print_stats("after replacing ripped up cells");
        for (auto cell : sorted(ctx->cells))
            if (get_constraints_distance(ctx, cell.second) != 0)
                log_error("constraint satisfaction check failed for cell '%s' at Bel '%s'\n", cell.first.c_str(ctx),
                          ctx->getBelName(cell.second->bel).c_str(ctx));
        return true;
    }
};

bool legalise_relative_constraints(Context *ctx) { return ConstraintLegaliseWorker(ctx).legalise_constraints(); }

// Get the total distance from satisfied constraints for a cell
int get_constraints_distance(const Context *ctx, const CellInfo *cell)
{
    int dist = 0;
    if (cell->bel == BelId())
        return 100000;
    Loc loc = ctx->getBelLocation(cell->bel);
    if (cell->constr_parent == nullptr) {
        if (cell->constr_x != cell->UNCONSTR)
            dist += std::abs(cell->constr_x - loc.x);
        if (cell->constr_y != cell->UNCONSTR)
            dist += std::abs(cell->constr_y - loc.y);
        if (cell->constr_z != cell->UNCONSTR)
            dist += std::abs(cell->constr_z - loc.z);
    } else {
        if (cell->constr_parent->bel == BelId())
            return 100000;
        Loc parent_loc = ctx->getBelLocation(cell->constr_parent->bel);
        if (cell->constr_x != cell->UNCONSTR)
            dist += std::abs(cell->constr_x - (loc.x - parent_loc.x));
        if (cell->constr_y != cell->UNCONSTR)
            dist += std::abs(cell->constr_y - (loc.y - parent_loc.y));
        if (cell->constr_z != cell->UNCONSTR) {
            if (cell->constr_abs_z)
                dist += std::abs(cell->constr_z - loc.z);
            else
                dist += std::abs(cell->constr_z - (loc.z - parent_loc.z));
        }
    }
    for (auto child : cell->constr_children)
        dist += get_constraints_distance(ctx, child);
    return dist;
}

NEXTPNR_NAMESPACE_END