663 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
663 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
# 原创
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： Ubuntu使用日常
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# Ubuntu使用日常
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# Ubuntu使用日常
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>
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记录使用`Ubuntu`过程中遇到的问题，总结一些常用工具，归纳一些小技巧。本文永久更新地址：[Ubuntu.md](https://github.com/ds-ebooks/test/blob/master/Ubuntu.md)
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### 文章目录
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## 1、redshift色温调节工具
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安装
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```
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# 只安装Redshift发现没有界面，所以安装了三个包
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sudo apt install gtk-redshift redshift python-appindicator
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# 执行
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gtk-redshift
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```
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配置
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```
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touch ~/.config/redshift.conf
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sudo gedit ~/.config/redshift.conf
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# 加上以下内容
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; Global settings for redshift
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[redshift]
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; Set the day and night screen temperatures
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temp-day=4500
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temp-night=3500
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; Enable/Disable a smooth transition between day and night
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; 0 will cause a direct change from day to night screen temperature.
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; 1 will gradually increase or decrease the screen temperature.
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transition=1
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; Set the screen brightness. Default is 1.0.
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;brightness=0.9
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; It is also possible to use different settings for day and night
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; since version 1.8.
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;brightness-day=0.7
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;brightness-night=0.4
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; Set the screen gamma (for all colors, or each color channel
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; individually)
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gamma=0.8
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;gamma=0.8:0.7:0.8
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; This can also be set individually for day and night since
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; version 1.10.
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;gamma-day=0.8:0.7:0.8
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;gamma-night=0.6
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; Set the location-provider: 'geoclue', 'geoclue2', 'manual'
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; type 'redshift -l list' to see possible values.
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; The location provider settings are in a different section.
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location-provider=manual
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; Set the adjustment-method: 'randr', 'vidmode'
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; type 'redshift -m list' to see all possible values.
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; 'randr' is the preferred method, 'vidmode' is an older API.
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; but works in some cases when 'randr' does not.
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; The adjustment method settings are in a different section.
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adjustment-method=randr
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; Configuration of the location-provider:
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; type 'redshift -l PROVIDER:help' to see the settings.
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; ex: 'redshift -l manual:help'
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; Keep in mind that longitudes west of Greenwich (e.g. the Americas)
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; are negative numbers.
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[manual]
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lat=36.10
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lon=103.80
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; Configuration of the adjustment-method
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; type 'redshift -m METHOD:help' to see the settings.
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; ex: 'redshift -m randr:help'
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; In this example, randr is configured to adjust screen 1.
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; Note that the numbering starts from 0, so this is actually the
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; second screen. If this option is not specified, Redshift will try
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; to adjust _all_ screens.
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; [randr]
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; screen=1
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```
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## 2、无道词典
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环境
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```
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sudo apt-get install python3
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sudo apt-get install python3-pip
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sudo pip3 install bs4
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sudo pip3 install lxml
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```
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安装
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```
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git clone https://github.com/chestnutheng/wudao-dict
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cd ./wudao-dict/wudao-dict
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sudo bash setup.sh #或者sudo ./setup.sh
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```
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## 3、pip指向问题
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第一次安装pip
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```
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sudo apt-get install python-pip python-dev build-essential
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sudo pip install --upgrade pip
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sudo pip install --upgrade virtualenv
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sudo apt-get install python-setuptools python-dev build-essential
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```
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安装分别pip
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```
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sudo apt-get install python3-pip
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sudo apt-get install python-pip
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```
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指向问题<br/> 编辑这三个文件，将第一行注释分别改为`python\python2\python3`
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```
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~ $which pip
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/usr/local/bin/pip
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21:36 alien@alien-Inspiron-3443:
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~ $which pip2
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/usr/local/bin/pip2
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21:36 alien@alien-Inspiron-3443:
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~ $which pip3
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/usr/local/bin/pip3
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```
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改好之后便升级pip
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```
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sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip
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sudo pip2 install --upgrade pip
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sudo pip install --upgrade pip
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```
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## 4、更换pip源
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pip国内的一些镜像,换源之后出现python2版本过低的情况导致以前的包下载不了，那就直接将文件夹删除就行。
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linux:
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```
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cat > ~/.pip/pip.conf
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[global]
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index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
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```
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windows:
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>
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直接在user目录中创建一个pip目录，如：C:\Users\xx\pip，新建文件pip.ini，内容如下
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```
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[global]
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index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
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```
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另外npm，yarn也可以通过换源提高速度，网上很多教程，稍微提一下。
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## 5、GitHub源
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```
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sudo gedit /etc/hosts
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219.76.4.4 github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com
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151.101.72.249 http://global-ssl.fastly.Net
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192.30.253.112 http://github.com
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```
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## 6、查看Linux本地IP地址
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```
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ifconfig -a
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inet addr:172.18.166.207 Bcast:172.18.166.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
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```
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## 7、ubuntu本地开启微型服务器
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```
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python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8888 #Python2
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python -m http.server #python3
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```
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之后可以通过ip:端口远程访问本地主机文件。<br/> 传输文件
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## 8、ECS与本地主机互传文件
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通过`ssh`协议实现：
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```
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scp ~/cert/* root@47.107.129.219:/usr/local/nginx/cert
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scp root@47.107.129.219:/usr/local/nginx/cert ~/cert/*
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```
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## 9、小书匠和Evernote
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小书匠基础模板:
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```
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---
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title: 2018-10-27未命名文件
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tags: tag1,tag2
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grammar_cjkRuby: true
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---
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[Edit](http://markdown.xiaoshujiang.com/)
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```
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```
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脚注[^1x]
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[^1x]: 脚注用法测试
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```
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## 10、Windows 中 Chromium 缺少 Google API 密钥
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在`CMD`中执行：
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```
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setx GOOGLE_API_KEY AIzaSyCkfPOPZXDKNn8hhgu3JrA62wIgC93d44k
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setx GOOGLE_DEFAULT_CLIENT_ID 811574891467.apps.googleusercontent.com
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setx GOOGLE_DEFAULT_CLIENT_SECRET kdloedMFGdGla2P1zacGjAQh
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```
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## 11、博客音乐外链
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[音乐外链播放器推荐](https://perpeht.com/2017/12/%E4%BC%98%E7%A7%80%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90%E5%A4%96%E9%93%BE%E6%92%AD%E6%94%BE%E5%99%A8%E6%8E%A8%E8%8D%90/)
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## 12、Debian/Ubuntu中管理多版本Node.js
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安装nvm:
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```
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git clone https://github.com/creationix/nvm.git ~/.nvm
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cd ~/.nvm
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git checkout `git describe --abbrev=0 --tags`
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```
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激活nvm:
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```
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. ~/.nvm/nvm.sh
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```
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登录后自动激活nvm，在`~/.bashrc`加
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```
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export NVM_DIR=~/.nvm
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[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && . "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh"
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[ -r $NVM_DIR/bash_completion ] && . $NVM_DIR/bash_completion
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```
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卸载node和nvm
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```
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rm -rf ~/.nvm
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```
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## 13、虚拟终端（Ctrl+Alt+F1）下显示菱形中文乱码
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系统全用英文吧：
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```
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sudo gedit /etc/default/locale
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```
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将内容改为：
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```
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LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
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LANGUAGE="en_US:en"
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```
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再运行：
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```
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sudo locale-gen
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```
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然后重启`reboot`，会提示是否将文件夹改成英文的，此时选择“Update…”即可。
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## 14、彻底卸载mysql重新安装
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1.命令apt-get删除mysql
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```
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sudo apt-get remove --purge mysql-\*
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```
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2.手动删除mysql剩余文件<br/> 执行命令
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```
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sudo find / -name mysql -print
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```
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会显示出所有的含有mysql文件名的路径，如下：
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```
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/var/lib/mysql
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/var/lib/mysql/mysql
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/var/log/mysql
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/usr/bin/mysql
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/usr/lib/mysql
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/usr/share/mysql
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/etc/mysql
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/etc/init.d/mysql
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```
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都删除掉
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3.重新安装
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```
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sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client
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```
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如果报错执行下面命令再安装
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```
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sudo apt-get remove --purge mysql-\*
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sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client
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```
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## 15、MySQL5.7设置utf8编码格式
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[查看博文](https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32144341/article/details/51318390)
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## 16、WIndows的Linux子系统
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[查看博文](http://csuncle.com/2017/08/08/Windows-linux%E5%AD%90%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F-%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8%E5%88%B0GUI/)
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## 17、文件管理器左侧快捷方式管理
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```
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sudo gedit ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs
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# 默认的内容是文档，图片，下载等目录
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# This file is written by xdg-user-dirs-update
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# If you want to change or add directories, just edit the line you're
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# interested in. All local changes will be retained on the next run
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# Format is XDG_xxx_DIR="$HOME/yyy", where yyy is a shell-escaped
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# homedir-relative path, or XDG_xxx_DIR="/yyy", where /yyy is an
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# absolute path. No other format is supported.
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#
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XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/Desktop"
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XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/Downloads"
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XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/Templates"
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XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="$HOME/Public"
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XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="$HOME/Documents"
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XDG_MUSIC_DIR="$HOME/Music"
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XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/Pictures"
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XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/Videos"
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# 再创建一个文件，直接执行：
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echo”enabled = false“>〜/ .config / user-dirs.conf
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```
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## 18、访问磁盘
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```
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sudo apt-get install ntfs-3g
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# 修复不能访问的磁盘
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sudo ntfsfix /dev/sda6
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```
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## 19、Grub启动图形界面美化
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[查看博文](https://tianyijian.github.io/2018/04/05/ubuntu-grub-beautify/)<br/> 更新Grub:
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```
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sudo update-grub
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sudo grub-install /dev/sda
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```
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## 20、开机自启动
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以`plank`为例
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```
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sudo ln -s /usr/share/applications/plank.desktop /etc/xdg/autostart/
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```
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## 21、Pycharm汉化
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[JetBrains 系列软件汉化包](https://github.com/pingfangx/TranslatorX)
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## 22、Notepad++配置
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[查看博文](https://www.jianshu.com/p/3088175e5f78)
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## 23、Windows10 Python配置
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[查看博文](https://blog.csdn.net/qiang12qiang12/article/details/53239866)
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## 24、MAC OS 主题
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```
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sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool
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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/macbuntu
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get install macbuntu-os-icons-lts-v7
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sudo apt-get install macbuntu-os-ithemes-lts-v7
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cd && wget -O Mac.po http://drive.noobslab.com/data/Mac/change-name-on-panel/mac.po
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cd /usr/share/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES; sudo msgfmt -o unity.mo ~/Mac.po;rm ~/Mac.po;cd
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wget -O launcher_bfb.png http://drive.noobslab.com/data/Mac/launcher-logo/apple/launcher_bfb.png
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sudo mv launcher_bfb.png /usr/share/unity/icons/
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gsettings set com.canonical.unity-greeter draw-grid false;exit
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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get install macbuntu-os-bscreen-lts-v7
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```
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## 25、垃圾清理
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```
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sudo apt-get autoclean 清理旧版本的软件缓存
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sudo apt-get clean 清理所有软件缓存
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sudo apt-get autoremove 删除系统不再使用的孤立软件
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sudo apt-get install gtkorphan -y清理Linux下孤立的包
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sudo apt-get remove tracker
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```
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## 26、暴力关机导致蓝屏问题
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```
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sudo dpkg --configure -a
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sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-lts-utopic
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sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg-lts-utopic
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reboot
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```
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## 27、mentohust联网
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下载地址：[http://c7.gg/aCFu4](http://c7.gg/aCFu4)
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```
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sudo apt-get install mentohust
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sudo mentohust -k
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sudo mentohust -uusername -p123456 -a1 -d2 -b2 -v4.10 -w
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```
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## 28、彻底卸载Firefox
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```
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dpkg --get-selections |grep firefox
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sudo apt-get purge firefox
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sudo apt-get purge firefox-locale-en
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sudo apt-get purge firefox-locale-zh-hans
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sudo apt-get purge unity-scope-firefoxbookmarks
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```
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## 29、安装chromium
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```
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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:a-v-shkop/chromium
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get install chromium-browser
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```
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## 30、终端图片显示工具
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```
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sudo apt-get install aview
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```
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```
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asciiview elephant.jpg -driver curses
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```
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## 31、经典菜单指示器
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[ClassicMenu Indicator](http://www.florian-diesch.de/software/classicmenu-indicator/#download)
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## 32、文件编码转换
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安装`enca、iconv`:
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```
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sudo apt-get enca iconv
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```
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```
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#enca查看文件编码
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enca filename
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#iconv将一个GBK编码的文件转换成UTF-8编码
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enconv -L zh_CN -x UTF-8 filename
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```
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## 33、字符串logo工具
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1. 安装：
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```
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sudo apt-get install figlet
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```
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1. 用法：
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```
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figlet JupyterLab
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```
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## 34、百度网盘相关
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## 35、类似`QQ`的截图工具
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>
|
||
弃用`deepin-scrot`，请更新为[`deepin-screenshot`](https://pkgs.org/download/deepin-screenshot)
|
||
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
wget http://packages.linuxdeepin.com/deepin/pool/main/d/deepin-scrot/deepin-scrot_2.0-0deepin_all.deb
|
||
sudo dpkg -i deepin-scrot_2.0-0deepin_all.deb
|
||
# 修复依赖问题
|
||
sudo apt install -f
|
||
rm deepin-scrot_2.0-0deepin_all.deb
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
然后去`系统设置-键盘-快捷键-自定义快捷键`，之后就可以体验`QQ`那样的截图方式了。
|
||
|
||
当然`shutter`也很优秀，不过我更喜欢`deepin-scrot`
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
sudo apt-get install shutter
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 36、`dot`画图
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
sudo apt install graphviz
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
graph demo{
|
||
1 -- 2
|
||
2 -- 3
|
||
3 -- 4
|
||
1 -- 4
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
dot demo.dot -Tpng -o demo.png
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 37、`htop`进程管理工具
|
||
|
||
可以查看后台进程`PID`，方便`kill`进程.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
sudo apt install htop
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 38、`fuck`终端工具
|
||
|
||
*[thefuck](https://github.com/nvbn/thefuck)
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
sudo pip3 install thefuck
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 39、查看电脑完整配置
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
lshw
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 40、标题栏实时显示上下行网速
|
||
|
||
下载安装运行`indicator-sysmonito`：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
sudo apt-get install python3-psutil curl git gir1.2-appindicator3-0.1
|
||
git clone https://github.com/fossfreedom/indicator-sysmonitor.git
|
||
cd indicator-sysmonitor
|
||
sudo make install
|
||
nohup indicator-sysmonitor &
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 41、万能解压工具`unar`
|
||
|
||
>
|
||
通杀`7z zip tar rar gz`等等
|
||
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
sudo apt-get install unar
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 42、安装`aira2`及开机启动配置
|