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csdn_spider/blog/ds19991999/原创-- Ubuntu使用日常.md

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原创

： Ubuntu使用日常

Ubuntu使用日常

Ubuntu使用日常

记录使用Ubuntu过程中遇到的问题，总结一些常用工具，归纳一些小技巧。本文永久更新地址：Ubuntu.md

文章目录

1、redshift色温调节工具

安装

# 只安装Redshift发现没有界面，所以安装了三个包
sudo apt install gtk-redshift redshift python-appindicator
# 执行
gtk-redshift

配置

touch ~/.config/redshift.conf
sudo gedit ~/.config/redshift.conf
# 加上以下内容
; Global settings for redshift
[redshift]
; Set the day and night screen temperatures
temp-day=4500
temp-night=3500

; Enable/Disable a smooth transition between day and night
; 0 will cause a direct change from day to night screen temperature.
; 1 will gradually increase or decrease the screen temperature.
transition=1

; Set the screen brightness. Default is 1.0.
;brightness=0.9
; It is also possible to use different settings for day and night
; since version 1.8.
;brightness-day=0.7
;brightness-night=0.4
; Set the screen gamma (for all colors, or each color channel
; individually)
gamma=0.8
;gamma=0.8:0.7:0.8
; This can also be set individually for day and night since
; version 1.10.
;gamma-day=0.8:0.7:0.8
;gamma-night=0.6

; Set the location-provider: 'geoclue', 'geoclue2', 'manual'
; type 'redshift -l list' to see possible values.
; The location provider settings are in a different section.
location-provider=manual

; Set the adjustment-method: 'randr', 'vidmode'
; type 'redshift -m list' to see all possible values.
; 'randr' is the preferred method, 'vidmode' is an older API.
; but works in some cases when 'randr' does not.
; The adjustment method settings are in a different section.
adjustment-method=randr

; Configuration of the location-provider:
; type 'redshift -l PROVIDER:help' to see the settings.
; ex: 'redshift -l manual:help'
; Keep in mind that longitudes west of Greenwich (e.g. the Americas)
; are negative numbers.
[manual]
lat=36.10
lon=103.80

; Configuration of the adjustment-method
; type 'redshift -m METHOD:help' to see the settings.
; ex: 'redshift -m randr:help'
; In this example, randr is configured to adjust screen 1.
; Note that the numbering starts from 0, so this is actually the
; second screen. If this option is not specified, Redshift will try
; to adjust _all_ screens.
; [randr]
; screen=1

2、无道词典

环境

sudo apt-get install python3
sudo apt-get install python3-pip
sudo pip3 install bs4
sudo pip3 install lxml

安装

git clone https://github.com/chestnutheng/wudao-dict
cd ./wudao-dict/wudao-dict
sudo bash setup.sh #或者sudo ./setup.sh

3、pip指向问题

第一次安装pip

sudo apt-get install python-pip python-dev build-essential 
sudo pip install --upgrade pip 
sudo pip install --upgrade virtualenv 
sudo apt-get install python-setuptools python-dev build-essential

安装分别pip

sudo apt-get install python3-pip
sudo apt-get install python-pip

指向问题
编辑这三个文件，将第一行注释分别改为python\python2\python3

~ $which pip
/usr/local/bin/pip
21:36 alien@alien-Inspiron-3443:
~ $which pip2
/usr/local/bin/pip2
21:36 alien@alien-Inspiron-3443:
~ $which pip3
/usr/local/bin/pip3

改好之后便升级pip

sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip
sudo pip2 install --upgrade pip
sudo pip install --upgrade pip

4、更换pip源

pip国内的一些镜像,换源之后出现python2版本过低的情况导致以前的包下载不了，那就直接将文件夹删除就行。

linux:

cat > ~/.pip/pip.conf
[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

windows:

直接在user目录中创建一个pip目录，如：C:\Users\xx\pip，新建文件pip.ini，内容如下

[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

另外npm，yarn也可以通过换源提高速度，网上很多教程，稍微提一下。

5、GitHub源

sudo gedit /etc/hosts
219.76.4.4 github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com
151.101.72.249 http://global-ssl.fastly.Net
192.30.253.112 http://github.com

6、查看Linux本地IP地址

ifconfig -a
inet addr:172.18.166.207  Bcast:172.18.166.255  Mask:255.255.255.0

7、ubuntu本地开启微型服务器

python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8888 #Python2
python -m http.server #python3

之后可以通过ip:端口远程访问本地主机文件。
传输文件

8、ECS与本地主机互传文件

通过ssh协议实现：

scp ~/cert/* root@47.107.129.219:/usr/local/nginx/cert
scp root@47.107.129.219:/usr/local/nginx/cert ~/cert/*

9、小书匠和Evernote

小书匠基础模板:

---
title: 2018-10-27未命名文件 
tags: tag1,tag2
grammar_cjkRuby: true
---
[Edit](http://markdown.xiaoshujiang.com/)


脚注[^1x]
[^1x]: 脚注用法测试

10、Windows 中 Chromium 缺少 Google API 密钥

在CMD中执行：

setx GOOGLE_API_KEY AIzaSyCkfPOPZXDKNn8hhgu3JrA62wIgC93d44k 
setx GOOGLE_DEFAULT_CLIENT_ID 811574891467.apps.googleusercontent.com 
setx GOOGLE_DEFAULT_CLIENT_SECRET kdloedMFGdGla2P1zacGjAQh

11、博客音乐外链

音乐外链播放器推荐

12、Debian/Ubuntu中管理多版本Node.js

安装nvm:

git clone https://github.com/creationix/nvm.git ~/.nvm
cd ~/.nvm
git checkout `git describe --abbrev=0 --tags`

激活nvm:

. ~/.nvm/nvm.sh

登录后自动激活nvm，在~/.bashrc加

export NVM_DIR=~/.nvm
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && . "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh"
[ -r $NVM_DIR/bash_completion ] && . $NVM_DIR/bash_completion

卸载node和nvm

rm -rf ~/.nvm

13、虚拟终端（Ctrl+Alt+F1）下显示菱形中文乱码

系统全用英文吧：

sudo gedit /etc/default/locale

将内容改为：

LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
LANGUAGE="en_US:en"

再运行：

sudo locale-gen

然后重启reboot，会提示是否将文件夹改成英文的，此时选择“Update…”即可。

14、彻底卸载mysql重新安装

1.命令apt-get删除mysql

sudo apt-get remove --purge mysql-\*

2.手动删除mysql剩余文件
执行命令

sudo find  / -name mysql -print

会显示出所有的含有mysql文件名的路径，如下：

/var/lib/mysql
/var/lib/mysql/mysql
/var/log/mysql
/usr/bin/mysql
/usr/lib/mysql
/usr/share/mysql
/etc/mysql
/etc/init.d/mysql

都删除掉

3.重新安装

sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client

如果报错执行下面命令再安装

sudo apt-get remove --purge mysql-\*
sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client

15、MySQL5.7设置utf8编码格式

查看博文

16、WIndows的Linux子系统

查看博文

17、文件管理器左侧快捷方式管理

sudo gedit ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs
# 默认的内容是文档，图片，下载等目录
# This file is written by xdg-user-dirs-update
# If you want to change or add directories, just edit the line you're
# interested in. All local changes will be retained on the next run
# Format is XDG_xxx_DIR="$HOME/yyy", where yyy is a shell-escaped
# homedir-relative path, or XDG_xxx_DIR="/yyy", where /yyy is an
# absolute path. No other format is supported.
# 
XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/Desktop"
XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/Downloads"
XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/Templates"
XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="$HOME/Public"
XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="$HOME/Documents"
XDG_MUSIC_DIR="$HOME/Music"
XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/Pictures"
XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/Videos"
# 再创建一个文件，直接执行：
echo”enabled = false“>〜/ .config / user-dirs.conf

18、访问磁盘

sudo apt-get install ntfs-3g
# 修复不能访问的磁盘
sudo ntfsfix /dev/sda6

19、Grub启动图形界面美化

查看博文
更新Grub:

sudo update-grub
sudo grub-install /dev/sda

20、开机自启动

以plank为例

sudo ln -s /usr/share/applications/plank.desktop /etc/xdg/autostart/

21、Pycharm汉化

JetBrains 系列软件汉化包

22、Notepad++配置

查看博文

23、Windows10 Python配置

查看博文

24、MAC OS 主题

sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool 
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/macbuntu


sudo apt-get update


sudo apt-get install macbuntu-os-icons-lts-v7


sudo apt-get install macbuntu-os-ithemes-lts-v7


cd && wget -O Mac.po http://drive.noobslab.com/data/Mac/change-name-on-panel/mac.po


cd /usr/share/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES; sudo msgfmt -o unity.mo ~/Mac.po;rm ~/Mac.po;cd


wget -O launcher_bfb.png http://drive.noobslab.com/data/Mac/launcher-logo/apple/launcher_bfb.png
sudo mv launcher_bfb.png /usr/share/unity/icons/
gsettings set com.canonical.unity-greeter draw-grid false;exit


sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install macbuntu-os-bscreen-lts-v7

25、垃圾清理

sudo apt-get autoclean 清理旧版本的软件缓存
sudo apt-get clean 清理所有软件缓存
sudo apt-get autoremove 删除系统不再使用的孤立软件
sudo apt-get install gtkorphan -y清理Linux下孤立的包
sudo apt-get remove tracker

26、暴力关机导致蓝屏问题

sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-lts-utopic 
sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg-lts-utopic 
reboot

27、mentohust联网

下载地址：http://c7.gg/aCFu4

sudo apt-get install mentohust
sudo mentohust -k
sudo mentohust -uusername -p123456 -a1 -d2 -b2 -v4.10 -w

28、彻底卸载Firefox

dpkg --get-selections |grep firefox
sudo apt-get purge firefox  
sudo apt-get purge firefox-locale-en
sudo apt-get purge firefox-locale-zh-hans
sudo apt-get purge unity-scope-firefoxbookmarks

29、安装chromium

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:a-v-shkop/chromium
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install chromium-browser

30、终端图片显示工具

sudo apt-get install aview


asciiview elephant.jpg -driver curses

31、经典菜单指示器

ClassicMenu Indicator

32、文件编码转换

安装enca、iconv:

sudo apt-get enca iconv


#enca查看文件编码
enca filename
#iconv将一个GBK编码的文件转换成UTF-8编码
enconv -L zh_CN -x UTF-8 filename

33、字符串logo工具

  1. 安装：
sudo apt-get install figlet
  1. 用法：
figlet JupyterLab

34、百度网盘相关

35、类似QQ的截图工具

弃用deepin-scrot，请更新为deepin-screenshot

wget http://packages.linuxdeepin.com/deepin/pool/main/d/deepin-scrot/deepin-scrot_2.0-0deepin_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i deepin-scrot_2.0-0deepin_all.deb
# 修复依赖问题
sudo apt install -f
rm deepin-scrot_2.0-0deepin_all.deb

然后去系统设置-键盘-快捷键-自定义快捷键，之后就可以体验QQ那样的截图方式了。

当然shutter也很优秀，不过我更喜欢deepin-scrot

sudo apt-get install shutter

36、dot画图

sudo apt install graphviz


graph demo{
	1 -- 2
	2 -- 3
	3 -- 4
	1 -- 4
}


dot demo.dot -Tpng -o demo.png

37、htop进程管理工具

可以查看后台进程PID，方便kill进程.

sudo apt install htop

38、fuck终端工具

*thefuck

sudo pip3 install thefuck

39、查看电脑完整配置

lshw

40、标题栏实时显示上下行网速

下载安装运行indicator-sysmonito：

sudo apt-get install python3-psutil curl git gir1.2-appindicator3-0.1
git clone https://github.com/fossfreedom/indicator-sysmonitor.git
cd indicator-sysmonitor
sudo make install
nohup indicator-sysmonitor &

41、万能解压工具unar

通杀7z zip tar rar gz等等

sudo apt-get install unar

42、安装aira2及开机启动配置