// Copyright (c) 2007-09  INRIA Sophia-Antipolis (France).
// All rights reserved.
//
// This file is part of CGAL (www.cgal.org).
// You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
// General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
// either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
// Licensees holding a valid commercial license may use this file in
// accordance with the commercial license agreement provided with the software.
//
// This file is provided AS IS with NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING THE
// WARRANTY OF DESIGN, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
//
// $URL$
// $Id$
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0+
//
// Author(s) : Pierre Alliez and Laurent Saboret

#ifndef CGAL_PCA_ESTIMATE_NORMALS_H
#define CGAL_PCA_ESTIMATE_NORMALS_H

#include <CGAL/license/Point_set_processing_3.h>

#include <CGAL/disable_warnings.h>

#include <CGAL/trace.h>
#include <CGAL/Dimension.h>
#include <CGAL/Search_traits_3.h>
#include <CGAL/Orthogonal_k_neighbor_search.h>
#include <CGAL/linear_least_squares_fitting_3.h>
#include <CGAL/property_map.h>
#include <CGAL/point_set_processing_assertions.h>
#include <CGAL/Memory_sizer.h>
#include <CGAL/function.h>

#include <CGAL/boost/graph/named_function_params.h>
#include <CGAL/boost/graph/named_params_helper.h>

#include <iterator>
#include <list>

#ifdef CGAL_LINKED_WITH_TBB
#include <CGAL/internal/Parallel_callback.h>
#include <tbb/parallel_for.h>
#include <tbb/blocked_range.h>
#include <tbb/scalable_allocator.h>  
#endif // CGAL_LINKED_WITH_TBB

namespace CGAL {


// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Private section
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
/// \cond SKIP_IN_MANUAL
namespace internal {


/// Estimates normal direction using linear least
/// squares fitting of a plane on the K nearest neighbors.
///
/// \pre `k >= 2`
///
/// @tparam Kernel Geometric traits class.
/// @tparam Tree KD-tree.
///
/// @return Computed normal. Orientation is random.
template < typename Kernel,
           typename Tree
>
typename Kernel::Vector_3
pca_estimate_normal(const typename Kernel::Point_3& query, ///< point to compute the normal at
                    const Tree& tree, ///< KD-tree
                    unsigned int k) ///< number of neighbors
{
  // basic geometric types
  typedef typename Kernel::Point_3  Point;
  typedef typename Kernel::Plane_3  Plane;

  // types for K nearest neighbors search
  typedef typename CGAL::Search_traits_3<Kernel> Tree_traits;
  typedef typename CGAL::Orthogonal_k_neighbor_search<Tree_traits> Neighbor_search;
  typedef typename Neighbor_search::iterator Search_iterator;

  // Gather set of (k+1) neighboring points.
  // Perform k+1 queries (as in point set, the query point is
  // output first). Search may be aborted if k is greater
  // than number of input points.
  std::vector<Point> points; points.reserve(k+1);
  Neighbor_search search(tree,query,k+1);
  Search_iterator search_iterator = search.begin();
  unsigned int i;
  for(i=0;i<(k+1);i++)
  {
    if(search_iterator == search.end())
      break; // premature ending
    points.push_back(search_iterator->first);
    search_iterator++;
  }
  CGAL_point_set_processing_precondition(points.size() >= 1);

  // performs plane fitting by point-based PCA
  Plane plane;
  linear_least_squares_fitting_3(points.begin(),points.end(),plane,Dimension_tag<0>());

  // output normal vector (already normalized by PCA)
  return plane.orthogonal_vector();
}


#ifdef CGAL_LINKED_WITH_TBB
  template <typename Kernel, typename Tree>
  class PCA_estimate_normals {
    typedef typename Kernel::Point_3 Point;
    typedef typename Kernel::Vector_3 Vector;
    const Tree& tree;
    const unsigned int k;
    const std::vector<Point>& input;
    std::vector<Vector>& output;
    cpp11::atomic<std::size_t>& advancement;
    cpp11::atomic<bool>& interrupted;

  public:
    PCA_estimate_normals(Tree& tree, unsigned int k, std::vector<Point>& points,
			 std::vector<Vector>& output,
                     cpp11::atomic<std::size_t>& advancement,
                     cpp11::atomic<bool>& interrupted)
      : tree(tree), k (k), input (points), output (output)
      , advancement (advancement)
      , interrupted (interrupted)
    { }
    
    void operator()(const tbb::blocked_range<std::size_t>& r) const
    {
      for( std::size_t i = r.begin(); i != r.end(); ++i)
      {
        if (interrupted)
          break;
	output[i] = CGAL::internal::pca_estimate_normal<Kernel,Tree>(input[i], tree, k);
        ++ advancement;
      }
    }

  };
#endif // CGAL_LINKED_WITH_TBB
  

} /* namespace internal */
/// \endcond



// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Public section
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

/**
   \ingroup PkgPointSetProcessingAlgorithms
   Estimates normal directions of the range of `points`
   by linear least squares fitting of a plane over the k nearest neighbors.
   The output normals are randomly oriented.

   \pre `k >= 2`

   \tparam ConcurrencyTag enables sequential versus parallel algorithm.
   Possible values are `Sequential_tag`
   and `Parallel_tag`.
   \tparam PointRange is a model of `Range`. The value type of
   its iterator is the key type of the named parameter `point_map`.

   \param points input point range.
   \param k number of neighbors
   \param np optional sequence of \ref psp_namedparameters "Named Parameters" among the ones listed below.

   \cgalNamedParamsBegin
     \cgalParamBegin{point_map} a model of `ReadablePropertyMap` with value type `geom_traits::Point_3`.
     If this parameter is omitted, `CGAL::Identity_property_map<geom_traits::Point_3>` is used.\cgalParamEnd
     \cgalParamBegin{normal_map} a model of `WritablePropertyMap` with value type
     `geom_traits::Vector_3`.\cgalParamEnd
     \cgalParamBegin{callback} an instance of
      `cpp11::function<bool(double)>`. It is called regularly when the
      algorithm is running: the current advancement (between 0. and
      1.) is passed as parameter. If it returns `true`, then the
      algorithm continues its execution normally; if it returns
      `false`, the algorithm is stopped and the remaining normals are
      left unchanged.\cgalParamEnd
     \cgalParamBegin{geom_traits} an instance of a geometric traits class, model of `Kernel`\cgalParamEnd
   \cgalNamedParamsEnd
*/
template <typename ConcurrencyTag,
	  typename PointRange,
          typename NamedParameters
>
void
pca_estimate_normals(
  PointRange& points,
  unsigned int k,
  const NamedParameters& np)
{
  using boost::choose_param;
  CGAL_TRACE("Calls pca_estimate_normals()\n");

  // basic geometric types
  typedef typename Point_set_processing_3::GetPointMap<PointRange, NamedParameters>::type PointMap;
  typedef typename Point_set_processing_3::GetNormalMap<PointRange, NamedParameters>::type NormalMap;
  typedef typename Point_set_processing_3::GetK<PointRange, NamedParameters>::Kernel Kernel;

  CGAL_static_assertion_msg(!(boost::is_same<NormalMap,
                              typename Point_set_processing_3::GetNormalMap<PointRange, NamedParameters>::NoMap>::value),
                            "Error: no normal map");

  PointMap point_map = choose_param(get_param(np, internal_np::point_map), PointMap());
  NormalMap normal_map = choose_param(get_param(np, internal_np::normal_map), NormalMap());
  const cpp11::function<bool(double)>& callback = choose_param(get_param(np, internal_np::callback),
                                                               cpp11::function<bool(double)>());

  typedef typename Kernel::Point_3 Point;

  // Input points types
  typedef typename boost::property_traits<NormalMap>::value_type Vector;

  // types for K nearest neighbors search structure
  typedef typename CGAL::Search_traits_3<Kernel> Tree_traits;
  typedef typename CGAL::Orthogonal_k_neighbor_search<Tree_traits> Neighbor_search;
  typedef typename Neighbor_search::Tree Tree;

  // precondition: at least one element in the container.
  // to fix: should have at least three distinct points
  // but this is costly to check
  CGAL_point_set_processing_precondition(points.begin() != points.end());

  // precondition: at least 2 nearest neighbors
  CGAL_point_set_processing_precondition(k >= 2);

  std::size_t memory = CGAL::Memory_sizer().virtual_size(); CGAL_TRACE("  %ld Mb allocated\n", memory>>20);
  CGAL_TRACE("  Creates KD-tree\n");

  typename PointRange::iterator it;

  // Instanciate a KD-tree search.
  // Note: We have to convert each input iterator to Point_3.
  std::vector<Point> kd_tree_points; 
  for(it = points.begin(); it != points.end(); it++)
    kd_tree_points.push_back(get(point_map, *it));
  Tree tree(kd_tree_points.begin(), kd_tree_points.end());

  memory = CGAL::Memory_sizer().virtual_size(); CGAL_TRACE("  %ld Mb allocated\n", memory>>20);
  CGAL_TRACE("  Computes normals\n");

  // iterate over input points, compute and output normal
  // vectors (already normalized)
#ifndef CGAL_LINKED_WITH_TBB
  CGAL_static_assertion_msg (!(boost::is_convertible<ConcurrencyTag, Parallel_tag>::value),
			     "Parallel_tag is enabled but TBB is unavailable.");
#else
  if (boost::is_convertible<ConcurrencyTag,Parallel_tag>::value)
    {
      internal::Point_set_processing_3::Parallel_callback
        parallel_callback (callback, kd_tree_points.size());
     
      std::vector<Vector> normals (kd_tree_points.size (),
                                   CGAL::NULL_VECTOR);
      CGAL::internal::PCA_estimate_normals<Kernel, Tree>
	f (tree, k, kd_tree_points, normals,
           parallel_callback.advancement(),
           parallel_callback.interrupted());
      tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<size_t>(0, kd_tree_points.size ()), f);
      unsigned int i = 0;
      for(it = points.begin(); it != points.end(); ++ it, ++ i)
        if (normals[i] != CGAL::NULL_VECTOR)
          put (normal_map, *it, normals[i]);

      parallel_callback.join();
    }
  else
#endif
    {
      std::size_t nb = 0;
      for(it = points.begin(); it != points.end(); it++, ++ nb)
	{
	  Vector normal = internal::pca_estimate_normal<Kernel,Tree>(      
								     get(point_map,*it),
								     tree,
								     k);

	  put(normal_map, *it, normal); // normal_map[it] = normal
          if (callback && !callback ((nb+1) / double(kd_tree_points.size())))
            break;
	}
    }
   
  memory = CGAL::Memory_sizer().virtual_size(); CGAL_TRACE("  %ld Mb allocated\n", memory>>20);
  CGAL_TRACE("End of pca_estimate_normals()\n");
}

/// \cond SKIP_IN_MANUAL
// variant with default NP
template <typename ConcurrencyTag,
	  typename PointRange
>
void
pca_estimate_normals(
  PointRange& points,
  unsigned int k) ///< number of neighbors.
{
  return pca_estimate_normals<ConcurrencyTag>
    (points, k, CGAL::Point_set_processing_3::parameters::all_default(points));
}

#ifndef CGAL_NO_DEPRECATED_CODE
// deprecated API
template <typename ConcurrencyTag,
	  typename ForwardIterator,
          typename PointMap,
          typename NormalMap,
          typename Kernel
>
CGAL_DEPRECATED_MSG("you are using the deprecated V1 API of CGAL::pca_estimate_normals(), please update your code")
void
pca_estimate_normals(
  ForwardIterator first,  ///< iterator over the first input point.
  ForwardIterator beyond, ///< past-the-end iterator over the input points.
  PointMap point_map, ///< property map: value_type of ForwardIterator -> Point_3.
  NormalMap normal_map, ///< property map: value_type of ForwardIterator -> Vector_3.
  unsigned int k, ///< number of neighbors.
  const Kernel& /*kernel*/) ///< geometric traits.
{
  CGAL::Iterator_range<ForwardIterator> points (first, beyond);
  return pca_estimate_normals<ConcurrencyTag>
    (points,
     k,
     CGAL::parameters::point_map (point_map).
     normal_map (normal_map).
     geom_traits(Kernel()));
}
  
// deprecated API
template <typename ConcurrencyTag,
	  typename ForwardIterator,
          typename PointMap,
          typename NormalMap
>
CGAL_DEPRECATED_MSG("you are using the deprecated V1 API of CGAL::pca_estimate_normals(), please update your code")
void
pca_estimate_normals(
  ForwardIterator first,  ///< iterator over the first input point.
  ForwardIterator beyond, ///< past-the-end iterator over the input points.
  PointMap point_map, ///< property map: value_type of ForwardIterator -> Point_3.
  NormalMap normal_map, ///< property map: value_type of ForwardIterator -> Vector_3.
  unsigned int k) ///< number of neighbors.
{
  CGAL::Iterator_range<ForwardIterator> points (first, beyond);
  return pca_estimate_normals<ConcurrencyTag>
    (points,
     k,
     CGAL::parameters::point_map (point_map).
     normal_map (normal_map));
}

// deprecated API
template <typename ConcurrencyTag,
	  typename ForwardIterator,
          typename NormalMap
>
CGAL_DEPRECATED_MSG("you are using the deprecated V1 API of CGAL::pca_estimate_normals(), please update your code")
void
pca_estimate_normals(
  ForwardIterator first,  ///< iterator over the first input point.
  ForwardIterator beyond, ///< past-the-end iterator over the input points.
  NormalMap normal_map, ///< property map: value_type of ForwardIterator -> Vector_3.
  unsigned int k) ///< number of neighbors.
{
  CGAL::Iterator_range<ForwardIterator> points (first, beyond);
  return pca_estimate_normals<ConcurrencyTag>
    (points,
     k,
     CGAL::parameters::normal_map (normal_map));
}
#endif // CGAL_NO_DEPRECATED_CODE
/// \endcond


} //namespace CGAL

#include <CGAL/enable_warnings.h>

#endif // CGAL_PCA_ESTIMATE_NORMALS_H